Special Online Issue
 |
Edited by Diane McGrath |
formerly Journal of Research on Computing in Education
Volume 28 Number 5 Summer 1996
Technology, Multimedia, and Qualitative Research in Education,
References,
Biklen–Bogdan
Trudy Campbell
Kansas State University
Publications
Sari Knopp Biklen
Author(s): Biklen, Sari Knopp, Ed.; Pollard, Diane, Ed.
Title: Gender and Education. Ninety-Second Yearbook of the Society
for the
Study of Education. Part I.
Year: 1993
Abstract:
This yearbook provides an overview of scholarship in the area of
gender in
education. A feminist point of view characterizes the approach,
recognizing
the pluralism of the feminist movement. A recurrent theme is that
considerations
of gender are not complete without recognition of other factors.
Chapters include:
(1) "Sex, Gender, Feminism, and Education" (Sari K. Biklen
and Diane
Pollard); (2) "Historical and Contemporary Views of Gender and
Education"
(Elizabeth Hansot); (3) "Beyond Rolling Models: Gender and
Multicultural
Education" (Deborah P. Britzman); (4) "Constructions of
Curriculum
and Gender" (Janet L. Miller); (5) "Equity Issues in
Educational Research
Methods" (Patricia B. Campbell and Selma Greenberg); (6)
"Gender and
Achievement" (Diane Pollard); (7) "Who Benefits and Who
Suffers: Gender
and Education at the Dawn of the Age of Information Technology"
(Joan N.
Burstyn); (8) "Over Dinner: Feminism and Adolescent Female
Bodies"
(Michelle Fine and Pat MacPherson); (9) "Mothers's Gaze from
Teachers'
Eyes" (Sari K. Biklen); (10) "Making It Happen: Gender
Equitable Classrooms"
(Elios Scott and Heather McCollum); (11) "It Happens Here, Too:
Sexual
Harassment and Child Sexual Abuse in Elementary and Secondary
Schools"
(Nan D. Stein); (12) "Gender and Public Education: From Mirrors
to Magnifying
Lens" (Meg Campbell and Diana Lam); (13) "Power and
Privilege in White
Middle-Class Feminist Discussions of Gender and Education"
(Christine E.
Sleeter); and (14) "Gender, Multiplicity, and Voice" (Maxime
Greene).
(SLD)
Document Number: ED361421
Author(s): Antler, Joyce, Ed.; Biklen, Sari Knopp, Ed.
Title: Changing Education: Women as Radicals and
Conservators.
Year: 1990
Abstract:
Essays on feminism, theory, and education are offered in this
anthology, which
examines the roles of women as active agents of change, as
conservators actively
resisting change, or as objects of change. Seventeen chapters focus on
the relationship
between gender and the politics of knowledge, analyze varied
situational contexts
of women's educational activities, and (all but two) present empirical
work.
Part 1 discusses issues in educating women students for the future,
with a focus
on gender differences in learning styles and approaches to knowledge.
The second
part on mothers, teachers, children, and change examines kindergarten
in turn-of-the
century America, women's clubs as a vehicle of informal education, and
black
women's education in the south. Part 3 examines informal contexts of
women's
education in a review of the erosion of women's knowledge and control
over the
birthing experience, the move to women's control of their bodies and
health,
and class and gender consciousness. Three studies on patterns of
women's lives
after college are presented in the fourth part. Part 5 discusses
feminist teaching
in theory and practice, specifically, teaching about sexual preference
and teaching
as a tool for social change in the areas of sex equity, schooling, and
work.
Part 6 examines issues in gender, professionalism, and social change
in essays
on the effects of reform on teaching and teachers, black women's
interpersonal
support in relation to institutional change, visions and competencies,
and the
need for a new culture in higher education. References accompany each
chapter.
(LMI)
Document Number: ED335741
Author(s): Biklen, Sari Knopp; Moseley, Charles R.
Title: "Are You Retarded?" "No, I'm Catholic'"
Qualitative
Methods in the Study of People with Severe Handicaps.
Journal: Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe
Handicaps (JASH);
v13 n3 p155 62 Fall 1988
Year: 1988
Abstract:
The article offers guidelines for researchers using qualitative
research methods,
including interviews, with retarded populations whose verbal skills
are limited.
It is important for the researcher to supplement information received
through
verbal discussion with observations of home and workplace.
(Author/DB)
Document Number: EJ382073
Author(s): Biklen, Sari Knopp
Title: Schoolteaching, Professionalism, and Gender.
Journal: Teacher Education Quarterly; v14 n2 p17 24 Spr
1987
Year: 1987
Abstract:
The professional model of teaching currently being advocated cannot
resolve
the dilemma of the teacher's role in American society because it does
not address
issues of gender inherent in both the model and the role. Ways to
develop an
alternative model are suggested. (Author/MT)
Document Number: EJ357453
Author(s): Biklen, Sari Knopp
Title: 'I Have Always Worked': Elementary Schoolteaching as a
Career.
Journal: Phi Delta Kappan; v67 n7 p504 8 Mar 1986
Year: 1986
Abstract:
Discusses definitions of "career" showing how the
traditional concept
is male oriented. Reports data from an eight-month study of women
elementary
school teachers that suggests the traditional ways of evaluating
short- and
long-term work commitments do not do justice to the reality of women's
commitments.
(MD)
Document Number: EJ334251
Author(s): Biklen, Sari Knopp
Title: Can Elementary Schoolteaching Be a Career? A Search for New
Ways of
Understanding Women's Work.
Journal: Issues in Education; v3 n3 p215 31 Win 1985
Year: 1985
Abstract:
Reviews the prevailing concept of "career," compares this
perspective
to a group of women elementary school teachers' concepts of their own
careers,
and shows how the traditional concept is inadequate for describing
these teacher's
"careers." Includes a discussion of a revised
conceptualization of
career that describes the patterns of women's lives as well as those
of men's.
(MD)
Document Number: EJ335771
Author(s): Biklen, Sari Knopp
Title: Teaching as an Occupation for Women: A Case Study of an
Elementary
School.
Year: 1983
Abstract:
A study examined how female elementary school teachers look upon
their work,
what they value and criticize about their occupation, and how they
negotiate
their work interests with sex role and family expectations. Research
took the
form of a case study, and qualitative research methods of participant
observation
and indepth interviewing were used to collect data over an 8-month
period at
an elementary school in the northeastern United States. One other
school was
also studied for a shorter period of time for contrasting purposes.
This report
centers on the discussions of four major themes which emerged from the
data:
(1) teachers' understanding of the nature of their careers; (2)
importance of
autonomy in their work lives; (3) their need for a sense of community
among
colleagues; and (4) their methods for resolving conflicts. The
findings suggest
that current understandings of teachers' lives have been limited by
stereotypical
assumptions about the nature of women. (Author/JMK)
Document Number: ED234049
Author(s): Biklen, Sari Knopp
Title: Autonomy in the Lives of Women Elementary
Schoolteachers.
Year: 1982
Abstract:
A qualitative study of women elementary school teachers focused on
the teachers'
values, attitudes towards teaching, and how they negotiated their work
interest
with sex role and family expectations. Formal and informal interviews
with teachers,
administrators, and parents were conducted over a seven month period.
Three
perspectives provided the basis for the research: (1) sociology of
occupations,
which recognizes the importance of work to self-identity; 2) symbolic
interaction,
a phenomenological construct that assumes that behavior is
significantly affected
by its setting; and (3) feminism, which, in the research context,
attempts to
remove men as a measure of behavior. The teachers perceived a high
degree of
autonomy in their work, especially as compared with practices in other
schools
in their district. They felt that their principal respected and
trusted them.
However, two limitations caused frustration and anger. Frequently,
bureaucratic
problems forced teachers to contrast their ideals of service and
professionalism
with their treatment in the school district system. The second major
limitation
was the behavior of parents and their image of the teachers' role,
both of which,
the teachers felt, threatened the teachers' authority. Two important
issues
in teacher behavior and attitudes that must be considered as a result
of these
findings are how the structure of schools affect teachers' career
patterns and
the hostile feelings of women teachers toward mothers of their
students. (FG)
Document Number: ED215964
Author(s): Biklen, Sari Knopp
Title: The Progressive Education Movement and the Question of
Women.
Journal: Teachers College Record; v80 n2 p316 35 Dec 1978
Year: 1978
Abstract:
The reflection of women's image in major programs of the progressive
education
movement--vocational education, the core curriculum, and women's
colleges--is
discussed. Reasons for the parallel between image and progressive
education
are addressed. (LBH)
Document Number: EJ200516
Robert Bogdan
uthor(s): Bogdan, Robert; Taylor, Steven J.
Title: Looking at the Bright Side: A Positive Approach to
Qualitative Policy
and Evaluation Research.
Journal: Qualitative Sociology; v13 n2 p183 92 1990
Year: 1990
Abstract:
This paper presents an example of "optimistic research," a
qualitative
approach which focuses on positive interventions helpful to
practitioners, in
this case an examination of programs successfully integrating people
with severe
disabilities. The study evaluated 40 programs through site visits
which focus
on observation, interviews, and collection of relevant materials. The
study
stressed the importance of asking the right question, not the
empirical "Does
it work?" but the moral questions of "What does integration
mean and
how can it be accomplished?". Agencies are therefore selected for
evaluation
who are nominated as doing an outstanding job of integrating persons
with disabilities.
Agencies selected included agencies supporting children with severe
and multiple
disabilities in natural, adoptive, or foster families, and agencies
focused
on alternatives to group homes for adults with severe disabilities.
This positive
approach results in a high level of cooperation from agency staff and
allows
preparation of a case study of each agency which includes an overview,
a description
of innovative approaches, and a discussion of problems faced by the
agency.
The approach has resulted in findings concerning the sociology of
acceptance
of persons with deviant attributes. Includes 21 references. (DB)
Document Number: ED336921
Author(s): Taylor, Steven J.; Bogdan, Robert
Title: On Accepting Relationships between People with Mental
Retardation
and Non-disabled People: Towards an Understanding of
Acceptance.
Journal: Disability, Handicap and Society; v4 n1 p21 36
1989
Year: 1989
Abstract:
The article outlines the "sociology of acceptance" in a
review of
sociocultural perspectives on deviance and identification of four
sentiments
expressed by people in relationships with people who have mental
retardation:
family, religious commitment, humanitarian sentiments, and feelings of
friendship.
(Author/DB)
Document Number: EJ393616
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert
Title: The Caring Business: Lynch Community Homes, Willow Grove,
Pennsylvania.
A Case Study.
Year: 1988
Abstract:
This paper, one of a series of reports describing innovative
practices in integrating
people with disabilities into community life, describes the Lynch
Community
Homes in Willow Grove, Pennsylvania. Lynch Homes is a for-profit
organization
that provides homes and supportive services for approximately 75
people with
severe and profound developmental disabilities in 25, three-person
homes. Recounted
are the origins of the family owned endeavor, growth as a result of
closing
of a nearby large institution, and a philosophy which stresses design
of services
for particular individuals and a lifetime commitment to the residents.
Also
recounted are reasons for the three-person limitation and comments of
direct
care staff. The organizational structure, which allows for a high
degree of
observation of direct care staff and clients by administrative level
personnel
is presented. Briefly reviewed are staff recruitment procedures,
community resistance,
habilitation programs, finances, day programs and work. Stressed are
the family
model on which the homes are based and an emphasis on integration and
outside
relationships. Current problems faced by the homes are identified
including
those associated with recent expansion, leadership succession, lack of
day/work
programs, and lack of client relationships with non-agency people.
(DB)
Document Number: ED336925
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert; Taylor, Steven
Title: Toward a Sociology of Acceptance: The Other Side of the
Study of Deviance.
Journal: Social Policy; v18 n2 p34 9 Fall 1987
Year: 1987
Abstract:
This article discusses the history of the sociology of deviance and
the exclusion
from society of individuals who do not meet norms, and argues for a
sociology
emphasizing acceptance of differences on individual, group, and
societal levels.
Types of relationships based on mutual acceptance are discussed along
with generalizations
regarding the development and benefits to all parties of these
relationships.
Contains 17 references. (PB)
Document Number: ED334719
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert
Title: "We Care for Our Own'" Georgia Citizen Advocacy in
Savannah
and Macon.
Year: 1987
Abstract:
The report describes the Georgia Citizen Advocacy program which links
developmentally
disabled persons with persons in the community who will look out for
their interests.
The program is commended for its emphasis on development of
"advocate/protege"
relationships which are often just the starting point for involving
the disabled
individual in a network of relationships. Three specific relationships
are highlighted
in the report. Conclusions include the following: the program
capitalizes on
aspects of Georgia culture such as neighborliness, helping your own,
and independence;
the staff's close relationship to the community is an important aspect
of the
program's success; a relationship between a disabled and nondisabled
person
is likely to expand to other relationships in the community; strong
ideological
commitment by an agency is likely to improve the quality of life for
disabled
persons; and people in meaningful relationships with disabled persons
grow to
take them for granted and derive gratification from them. (DB)
Document Number: ED307760
Author(s): Taylor, Steven J.; Bogdan, Robert
Title: On Accepting Relationships between People with Mental
Retardation
and Nondisabled People: Towards an Understanding of
Acceptance.
Year: 1987
Abstract:
The paper outlines the "sociology of acceptance" as a
theoretical
framework for understanding relationships between people with mental
retardation
and typical people. Sociocultural perspectives on deviance are
reviewed and
their contribution to the study of mental retardation is considered.
The paper
next examines the nature of accepting relationships and describes four
sentiments
expressed by typical people who form relationships with people with
mental retardation:
family feelings; religious commitment; humanitarian sentiments; and
feelings
of friendship. The article concludes with a brief discussion of the
implications
of a sociology of acceptance for the field of mental retardation.
(Author/DB)
Document Number: ED307747
Author(s): Biklen, Sari Knapp; Bogdan, Robert
Title: On Your Own with Naturalistic Evaluation.
Journal: New Directions for Program Evaluation; n30 p93 101 Jun
1986
Year: 1986
Abstract:
If one undertakes naturalistic evaluation without formal training,
there are
some important considerations and sources of information to keep in
mind. Labor
intensive qualitative approaches are discussed in terms of field
relations,
data collection and analysis, and writing. (Author/LMO)
Document Number: EJ335301
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert
Title: Teaching Fieldwork to Educational Researchers.
Journal: Anthropology and Education Quarterly; v14 n3 p171 8 Fall
1983
Year: 1983
Abstract:
Outlines an approach to teaching fieldwork that the author has used
in graduate
seminars. The course, which requires students to engage in data
collection,
is organized to follow the stages of an actual research project. (GC)
Document Number: EJ289153
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert
Title: A Closer Look at Mainstreaming.
Journal: Educational Forum; v47 n4 p425 34 Sum 1983
Year: 1983
Abstract:
Discusses a study of the efficacy of mainstreaming. The goal of the
study was
to see what actually went on in schools, how people thought about
mainstreaming,
what they did about it, and how teachers, administrators, and students
experienced
it. (JOW)
Document Number: EJ282356
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert
Title: 'Does Mainstreaming Work?' Is a Silly Question.
Journal: Phi Delta Kappan; v64 n6 p427 8 Feb 1983
Year: 1983
Abstract:
Describes the variety of attitudes toward mainstreaming characterized
by the
25 mainstreaming programs currently being studied in an ongoing
research project.
Suggests that the failure of mainstreaming efforts is traceable to
organizational
problems, internecine politics, and lack of skill and/or willingness
on the
part of school personnel. (PGD)
Document Number: EJ276328
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert; And Others
Title: The Disabled: Media's Monster.
Journal: Social Policy; v13 n2 p32 5 Fall 1982
Year: 1982
Abstract:
From the early nineteenth century to the present, horror, gangster,
and adventure
films, television, the comics, and newspapers have shown physical and
mental
disabilities to connote murder, violence, and danger. Such false
portrayals
have promoted negative public attitudes toward people with
disabilities. (Author/MJL)
Document Number: EJ275631
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert; Sokoloff, Michele
Title: The Advantage of Limitations--A Teacher with a Disability
Speaks about
Mainstreaming.
Journal: NASSP Bulletin; v66 n456 p109 14 Oct 1982
Year: 1982
Abstract:
An interview with Joe Campbell, a disabled teaching assistant,
reveals the
benefits to both children and teachers when disabled adults are part
of the
mainstreaming plan. (Author/MLF)
Document Number: EJ269855
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert
Title: "Walk across That Stage": A Case Study of a
Program for
Neurologically Impaired and Learning Disabled Students at Hutton
High.
Year: 1982
Abstract:
The case study describes a program for learning disabled and
neurologically
impaired high schoolers. A historical review notes the school's
community and
the evaluation of the mainstreaming program. Administrative details
are briefly
summarized, as are the unique characteristics of the teacher and aide
in the
resource room program that serves 12 students. Excerpts from student
interviews
are presented, and the curriculum focusing on basic skills is
described. Also
described is the vocational component which provides field trips to
community
work sites. Additional aspects of the case study include summaries
from interviews
with school faculty, both those who support the mainstreaming program
and those
who do not. Difficulties involved in definitions of learning
disabilities, administrative
responsibility, and in making disabled students fit into a very
achievement-oriented
program are cited. (CL)
Document Number: ED271897
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert, Ed.
Title: In the Mainstream: Case Studies of Integrated Education for
Children
with Disabilities.
Year: 1982
Abstract:
A group of researchers from Syracuse University's School of Education
(New
York) conducted 25 case studies of local school programs that had been
nominated
by teachers, administrators, and parents as being exemplary in
integrating children
with disabilities into the mainstream of education. The 12 case
studies selected
for this volume represent the diversity and range of grade levels of
the programs
studied. The following case studies are included: "'Walk across
That Stage':
A Case Study of a Program for Neurologically Impaired and Learning
Disabled
Students at Hutton High" (R. Bogdan); "When There's No
Debate: A Program
for Elementary School Students Which Has a Mission" (D. Biklen);
"'I've
Always Been the Kind of Teacher Who Did Things I Believed in Whether
Other People
Did Them or Not': An Integrated Kindergarten" (E. Barnes);
"The Deaf
Education Program in Sherwood Elementary School" (C. Berrigan);
"If
Mainstreaming Is the Answer, What Is the Question: The Puzzle of
Integrating
a High School Class of Autistic Students" (P. Ferguson);
"Integration
in a Segregated School: A Study in Contradictions" (J.
Kugelmass); "The
Other 10%: Integration in a Preschool Program" (S. Mlinarcik);
"'They
Think They Can Fly!': MacMillian Elementary School--Sixth Grade
Class"
(M. Sokoloff); "'I've Been Doing This Wrong All These Years':
Mainstreaming
11 to 13 Year Olds in a Suburban Elementary School" (M. Cantey);
"Lucky
to Survive: Resource Program in an Upper Middle Class Suburb" (S.
Fitzgerald);
"A Feather in the Cap: A Self Contained Classroom for Severely
Mentally
Handicapped 16-21 Year Old Students in an Urban Middle School"
(S. Lesure);
"The Class and Faye: Social Interaction of a Handicapped Child in
an Integrated
First Grade Class" (S. Bruni). A conclusion proposes the need for
interactionist
theory in special education. (CL)
Document Number: ED271896
Author(s): Taylor, Steven J.; Bogdan, Robert
Title: Defending Illusions: The Institution's Struggle for
Survival.
Journal: Human Organization; v39 n3 p209 18 Fall 1980
Year: 1980
Abstract:
The article describes events which have challenged the legitimacy of
state
schools for the mentally retarded. It notes the development of new
legitimating
myths to justify institutional existence, and describes how
institutional administrators
and standard bearers manage relations with and field criticism from
the outside
world. (SB)
Document Number: EJ232793
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert; Taylor, Steven J.
Title: Observing in Institutions.
Year: 1980
Abstract:
The document offers guidelines for observing the nature of life in a
variety
of closed institutions (state mental hospitals and state schools). An
initial
section offers guidelines for asking questions, conducting evaluation,
and making
observations while visiting institutions. The remainder of the
document lists
questions for 17 areas: building and grounds, admission, the
institution's facade,
living space, habilitation and treatment, staff, residents,
staff/resident communication,
vocabulary, daily routines, clothing, personal appearance and hygiene,
personal
possessions, residents' rights, control, relations with family
members, and
records. (SBH)
Document Number: ED193881
Author(s) : Taylor, Steven J.; Bogdan, Robert
Title: Observing Community Residences.
Year: 1980
Abstract:
The document offers guidelines effectively monitoring the quality of
care provided
in community residences serving people with disabilities. An initial
section
offers suggestions on observation and evaluation procedures. The
remainder of
the document lists possible questions to be asked in 19 areas:
location, building
and yard, relations with the neighborhood, admission, operation,
interior, habilitation
and treatment, staff, residents, staff/resident communication,
vocabulary, daily
routines, clothing, personal appearance and hygiene, personal
possessions, resident's
rights, control, relations with family members, and records. (SBH)
Document Number: ED193880
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert
Title: What Does It Mean when a Person Says, "I Am Not
Retarded"?
Journal: Education and Training of the Mentally Retarded; v15 n1
p74 9 Feb
1980
Year: 1980
Abstract:
The meaning of the label "mentally retarded" is discussed
with two
adults who have been labeled mentally retarded and have spent a
significant
portion of their lives in residential facilities, and their stories
are contrasted
with R. Edgerton's classic study, "The Cloak of Competence."
(PHR)
Document Number: EJ227909
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert
Title: The Soft Side of Hard Data: Education Statistics as a Human
Process.
Journal: Phi Delta Kappan; v61 n6 p411 2 Feb 1980
Year: 1980
Abstract:
Presents eight assumptions to help people understand quantification
not only
as it is traditionally approached--as a method of measuring
reality--but also
as a method of shaping reality. The categories we use in creating
statistics
change the way we perceive the world. (Author/IRT)
Document Number: EJ215962
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert
Title: An Optimistic Friend: Positive Evaluation Research.
Journal: Educational Technology; v18 n12 p39 40 Dec 1978
Year: 1978
Abstract:
Proposes an approach to evaluation that counters negative bias, i.e.,
optimistic
evaluation research. Procedures and advantages of this approach are
discussed.
(RAO)
Document Number: EJ196499
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert; Biklen, Douglas
Title: Handicapism
Journal: Social Policy; v7 n5 p14 9 1977
Year: 1977
Abstract:
Defines handicapism "as a set of assumptions and practices that
promote
the differential and unequal treatment of people because of apparent
or assumed
physical, mental, or behavioral differences." "Demonstrates
how handicapism
manifests itself in personal interaction, in the organizational
structure of
the larger society, and in human service policy and practices."
(Author/JM)
Document Number: EJ161473
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert
Title: Head Start and the Handicapped: What Are the Facts?
Journal: Social Work; v21 n4 p329 1976
Year: 1976
Abstract:
The author used participant observation techniques to determine what
the 1972
Congressional affirmative action mandate meant to Head Start
personnel, and
what happened as a result of the mandate. The author's findings
variously contradict
or explain the results of a survey conducted in 1973 by the Office of
Child
Development. (SJL)
Document Number: EJ144358
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert; Taylor, Steven
Title: The Judged, Not the Judges. An Insiders' View of Mental
Retardation
Journal: American Psychologist; v31 n1 p17 25 1976
Year: 1976
Abstract:
Presents the edited transcripts of some of the discussions authors
held over
the past year with a 26-year-old man labeled mentally retarded by his
family,
school teachers, and others in his life. (Author/AM)
Document Number: EJ140516
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert
Title: National Policy and Situated Meaning: The Case of Head Start
and the
Handicapped
Journal: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry; v46 n2 p229 35
1976
Year: 1976
Abstract:
Discussed are the effects on local programs of the Economic
Opportunity Act
requiring Head Start programs to increase the number of handicapped
children
to 10 percent of those served. (DB)
Document Number: EJ138110
Author(s): Dodge, Martin; Bogdan, Robert
Title: Participant Observation: A Promising Research Approach for
Educational
Technology
Journal: Phi Delta Kappan; v56 n1 p67 9 1974
Year: 1974
Abstract:
Symbolic interaction is a useful perspective, a viable theoretical
approach
to getting at answers to many important questions related to
educational technology.
Participant observation is a useful methodology for rooting answers
out of the
research setting. (Author)
Document Number: EJ104211
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert
Title: Participant Observation
Journal: Peabody Journal of Education; v50 n4 p302 8 1973
Year: 1973
Abstract:
It is the purpose of this paper to discuss one qualitative research
method,
participant observation, which describes and analyzes a setting based
on data
that has been laboriously and systematically collected and analyzed.
(Author/RK)
Document Number: EJ081985
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert
Title: Learning to Sell Door to Door: Teaching as
Persuasion
Journal: American Behavioral Scientist; v16 n1 p55 64 1972
Year: 1972
Abstract:
Two national firms with standardized marketing schemes employ
persuasion rather
than instruction in teaching an employee to sell. Students leave for
their first
assignment convinced of success in spite of a lack of skill. (JB)
Document Number: EJ067875
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert; Taylor, Steven J.
Title: Looking at the Bright Side: A Positive Approach to
Qualitative Policy
and Evaluation Research.
Journal: Qualitative Sociology; v13 n2 p183 92 1990
Year: 1990
Abstract:
This paper presents an example of "optimistic research," a
qualitative
approach which focuses on positive interventions helpful to
practitioners, in
this case an examination of programs successfully integrating people
with severe
disabilities. The study evaluated 40 programs through site visits
which focus
on observation, interviews, and collection of relevant materials. The
study
stressed the importance of asking the right question, not the
empirical "Does
it work?" but the moral questions of "What does integration
mean and
how can it be accomplished?". Agencies are therefore selected for
evaluation
who are nominated as doing an outstanding job of integrating persons
with disabilities.
Agencies selected included agencies supporting children with severe
and multiple
disabilities in natural, adoptive, or foster families, and agencies
focused
on alternatives to group homes for adults with severe disabilities.
This positive
approach results in a high level of cooperation from agency staff and
allows
preparation of a case study of each agency which includes an overview,
a description
of innovative approaches, and a discussion of problems faced by the
agency.
The approach has resulted in findings concerning the sociology of
acceptance
of persons with deviant attributes. Includes 21 references. (DB)
Document Number: ED336921
Author(s): Taylor, Steven J.; Bogdan, Robert
Title: On Accepting Relationships between People with Mental
Retardation
and Non-disabled People: Towards an Understanding of
Acceptance.
Journal: Disability, Handicap and Society; v4 n1 p21 36
1989
Year: 1989
Abstract:
The article outlines the "sociology of acceptance" in a
review of
sociocultural perspectives on deviance and identification of four
sentiments
expressed by people in relationships with people who have mental
retardation:
family, religious commitment, humanitarian sentiments, and feelings of
friendship.
(Author/DB)
Document Number: EJ393616
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert
Title: The Caring Business: Lynch Community Homes, Willow Grove,
Pennsylvania.
A Case Study.
Year: 1988
Abstract:
This paper, one of a series of reports describing innovative
practices in integrating
people with disabilities into community life, describes the Lynch
Community
Homes in Willow Grove, Pennsylvania. Lynch Homes is a for-profit
organization
that provides homes and supportive services for approximately 75
people with
severe and profound developmental disabilities in 25, three-person
homes. Recounted
are the origins of the family owned endeavor, growth as a result of
closing
of a nearby large institution, and a philosophy which stresses design
of services
for particular individuals and a lifetime commitment to the residents.
Also
recounted are reasons for the three-person limitation and comments of
direct
care staff. The organizational structure, which allows for a high
degree of
observation of direct care staff and clients by administrative level
personnel
is presented. Briefly reviewed are staff recruitment procedures,
community resistance,
habilitation programs, finances, day programs and work. Stressed are
the family
model on which the homes are based and an emphasis on integration and
outside
relationships. Current problems faced by the homes are identified
including
those associated with recent expansion, leadership succession, lack of
day/work
programs, and lack of client relationships with non-agency people.
(DB)
Document Number: ED336925
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert
Title: "We Care for Our Own'" Georgia Citizen Advocacy in
Savannah
and Macon.
Year: 1987
Abstract:
The report describes the Georgia Citizen Advocacy program which links
developmentally
disabled persons with persons in the community who will look out for
their interests.
The program is commended for its emphasis on development of
"advocate/protege"
relationships which are often just the starting point for involving
the disabled
individual in a network of relationships. Three specific relationships
are highlighted
in the report. Conclusions include the following: the program
capitalizes on
aspects of Georgia culture such as neighborliness, helping your own,
and independence;
the staff's close relationship to the community is an important aspect
of the
program's success; a relationship between a disabled and nondisabled
person
is likely to expand to other relationships in the community; strong
ideological
commitment by an agency is likely to improve the quality of life for
disabled
persons; and people in meaningful relationships with disabled persons
grow to
take them for granted and derive gratification from them. (DB)
Document Number: ED307760
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert; Taylor, Steven
Title: Toward a Sociology of Acceptance: The Other Side of the
Study of Deviance.
Journal: Social Policy; v18 n2 p34 9 Fall 1987
Year: 1987
Abstract:
This article discusses the history of the sociology of deviance and
the exclusion
from society of individuals who do not meet norms, and argues for a
sociology
emphasizing acceptance of differences on individual, group, and
societal levels.
Types of relationships based on mutual acceptance are discussed along
with generalizations
regarding the development and benefits to all parties of these
relationships.
Contains 17 references. (PB)
Document Number: ED334719
Author(s): Taylor, Steven J.; Bogdan, Robert
Title: On Accepting Relationships between People with Mental
Retardation
and Nondisabled People: Towards an Understanding of
Acceptance.
Year: 1987
Abstract:
The paper outlines the "sociology of acceptance" as a
theoretical
framework for understanding relationships between people with mental
retardation
and typical people. Sociocultural perspectives on deviance are
reviewed and
their contribution to the study of mental retardation is considered.
The paper
next examines the nature of accepting relationships and describes four
sentiments
expressed by typical people who form relationships with people with
mental retardation:
family feelings; religious commitment; humanitarian sentiments; and
feelings
of friendship. The article concludes with a brief discussion of the
implications
of a sociology of acceptance for the field of mental retardation.
(Author/DB)
Document Number: ED307747
Author(s): Biklen, Sari Knapp; Bogdan, Robert
Title: On Your Own with Naturalistic Evaluation.
Journal: New Directions for Program Evaluation; n30 p93 101 Jun
1986
Year: 1986
Abstract:
If one undertakes naturalistic evaluation without formal training,
there are
some important considerations and sources of information to keep in
mind. Labor
intensive qualitative approaches are discussed in terms of field
relations,
data collection and analysis, and writing. (Author/LMO)
Document Number: EJ335301
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert
Title: The No Name Program: Three Severely Multiply Disabled People
Who Live
at the Petrone's in Burlington, Vermont.
Year: 1986
Abstract:
The case study describes a family residential service for three
people with
profound and multiple disabilities in Burlington, Vermont. The
disabled individuals
live with a couple and their two children who are also provided
support services
in the form of weekend relief and helpers for the late afternoon and
evening
period. The house is owned by a private investor. The disabled
individuals are
all in their twenties and had previously been institutionalized. The
program
is private and was set up at the instigation and support of faculty
members
of the University of Vermont's psychology department. The cost of the
program
is $40,000 a year per resident which comes from Medicaid and the
state. Each
of the disabled residents is described as is a typical day. The
program's philosophy
is holistic stressing the making of a happy home. Also discussed are
specific
issues such as replication, ways of encouraging a cooperative team
approach,
and costs. (DB)
Document Number: ED307751
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert
Title: It's a Nice Place to Live: Professional Foster Homes and
Supervised
Apartments in Washington County, Vermont.
Year: 1986
Abstract:
The paper describes the residential services provided by Washington
County
(Vermont) to people with developmental disabilities, especially
"professional
foster homes" and supervised apartments. The professional foster
homes
serve 40 clients with severe disabilities who live with families in
the community.
There are three support staff; respite care is available; and the
professional
parents have a network to help each other. Services are provided in
the home
or by generic local agencies. Clients who are children go to local
schools.
At least one of the "professional" parents in each home have
some
advanced education and experience in the human services. The
professional parents
are paid approximately $11,000 for each person they care for. The
supported
apartments have no more than two clients in each apartment. In some, a
staff
member stays overnight as a guest. The emphasis is on learning and
practicing
of community living skills and living a quality life. Also described
is the
Johnson State College Master's Degree Program which has been the
source of many
of the staff of the county's programs and the ties that many previous
residents
of Brandon State Training School, Vermont's large institution,
maintain. (DB)
Document Number: ED307750
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert
Title: Teaching Fieldwork to Educational Researchers.
Journal: Anthropology and Education Quarterly; v14 n3 p171 8 Fall
1983
Year: 1983
Abstract:
Outlines an approach to teaching fieldwork that the author has used
in graduate
seminars. The course, which requires students to engage in data
collection,
is organized to follow the stages of an actual research project. (GC)
Document Number: EJ289153
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert
Title: A Closer Look at Mainstreaming.
Journal: Educational Forum; v47 n4 p425 34 Sum 1983
Year: 1983
Abstract:
Discusses a study of the efficacy of mainstreaming. The goal of the
study was
to see what actually went on in schools, how people thought about
mainstreaming,
what they did about it, and how teachers, administrators, and students
experienced
it. (JOW)
Document Number: EJ282356
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert
Title: 'Does Mainstreaming Work?' Is a Silly Question.
Journal: Phi Delta Kappan; v64 n6 p427 8 Feb 1983
Year: 1983
Abstract:
Describes the variety of attitudes toward mainstreaming characterized
by the
25 mainstreaming programs currently being studied in an ongoing
research project.
Suggests that the failure of mainstreaming efforts is traceable to
organizational
problems, internecine politics, and lack of skill and/or willingness
on the
part of school personnel. (PGD)
Document Number: EJ276328
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert; And Others
Title: The Disabled: Media's Monster.
Journal: Social Policy; v13 n2 p32 5 Fall 1982
Year: 1982
Abstract:
From the early nineteenth century to the present, horror, gangster,
and adventure
films, television, the comics, and newspapers have shown physical and
mental
disabilities to connote murder, violence, and danger. Such false
portrayals
have promoted negative public attitudes toward people with
disabilities. (Author/MJL)
Document Number: EJ275631
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert; Sokoloff, Michele
Title: The Advantage of Limitations--A Teacher with a Disability
Speaks about
Mainstreaming.
Journal: NASSP Bulletin; v66 n456 p109 14 Oct 1982
Year: 1982
Abstract:
An interview with Joe Campbell, a disabled teaching assistant,
reveals the
benefits to both children and teachers when disabled adults are part
of the
mainstreaming plan. (Author/MLF)
Document Number: EJ269855
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert
Title: "Walk across That Stage": A Case Study of a
Program for
Neurologically Impaired and Learning Disabled Students at Hutton
High.
Year: 1982
Abstract:
The case study describes a program for learning disabled and
neurologically
impaired high schoolers. A historical review notes the school's
community and
the evaluation of the mainstreaming program. Administrative details
are briefly
summarized, as are the unique characteristics of the teacher and aide
in the
resource room program that serves 12 students. Excerpts from student
interviews
are presented, and the curriculum focusing on basic skills is
described. Also
described is the vocational component which provides field trips to
community
work sites. Additional aspects of the case study include summaries
from interviews
with school faculty, both those who support the mainstreaming program
and those
who do not. Difficulties involved in definitions of learning
disabilities, administrative
responsibility, and in making disabled students fit into a very
achievement-oriented
program are cited. (CL)
Document Number: ED271897
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert, Ed.
Title: In the Mainstream: Case Studies of Integrated Education for
Children
with Disabilities.
Year: 1982
Abstract:
A group of researchers from Syracuse University's School of Education
(New
York) conducted 25 case studies of local school programs that had been
nominated
by teachers, administrators, and parents as being exemplary in
integrating children
with disabilities into the mainstream of education. The 12 case
studies selected
for this volume represent the diversity and range of grade levels of
the programs
studied. The following case studies are included: "'Walk across
That Stage':
A Case Study of a Program for Neurologically Impaired and Learning
Disabled
Students at Hutton High" (R. Bogdan); "When There's No
Debate: A Program
for Elementary School Students Which Has a Mission" (D. Biklen);
"'I've
Always Been the Kind of Teacher Who Did Things I Believed in Whether
Other People
Did Them or Not': An Integrated Kindergarten" (E. Barnes);
"The Deaf
Education Program in Sherwood Elementary School" (C. Berrigan);
"If
Mainstreaming Is the Answer, What Is the Question: The Puzzle of
Integrating
a High School Class of Autistic Students" (P. Ferguson);
"Integration
in a Segregated School: A Study in Contradictions" (J.
Kugelmass); "The
Other 10%: Integration in a Preschool Program" (S. Mlinarcik);
"'They
Think They Can Fly!': MacMillian Elementary School--Sixth Grade
Class"
(M. Sokoloff); "'I've Been Doing This Wrong All These Years':
Mainstreaming
11 to 13 Year Olds in a Suburban Elementary School" (M. Cantey);
"Lucky
to Survive: Resource Program in an Upper Middle Class Suburb" (S.
Fitzgerald);
"A Feather in the Cap: A Self Contained Classroom for Severely
Mentally
Handicapped 16-21 Year Old Students in an Urban Middle School"
(S. Lesure);
"The Class and Faye: Social Interaction of a Handicapped Child in
an Integrated
First Grade Class" (S. Bruni). A conclusion proposes the need for
interactionist
theory in special education. (CL)
Document Number: ED271896
Author(s): Taylor, Steven J.; Bogdan, Robert
Title: Defending Illusions: The Institution's Struggle for
Survival.
Journal: Human Organization; v39 n3 p209 18 Fall 1980
Year: 1980
Abstract:
The article describes events which have challenged the legitimacy of
state
schools for the mentally retarded. It notes the development of new
legitimating
myths to justify institutional existence, and describes how
institutional administrators
and standard bearers manage relations with and field criticism from
the outside
world. (SB)
Document Number: EJ232793
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert
Title: What Does It Mean when a Person Says, "I Am Not
Retarded"?
Journal: Education and Training of the Mentally Retarded; v15 n1
p74 9 Feb
1980
Year: 1980
Abstract:
The meaning of the label "mentally retarded" is discussed
with two
adults who have been labeled mentally retarded and have spent a
significant
portion of their lives in residential facilities, and their stories
are contrasted
with R. Edgerton's classic study, "The Cloak of Competence."
(PHR)
Document Number: EJ227909
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert
Title: The Soft Side of Hard Data: Education Statistics as a Human
Process.
Journal: Phi Delta Kappan; v61 n6 p411 2 Feb 1980
Year: 1980
Abstract:
Presents eight assumptions to help people understand quantification
not only
as it is traditionally approached--as a method of measuring
reality--but also
as a method of shaping reality. The categories we use in creating
statistics
change the way we perceive the world. (Author/IRT)
Document Number: EJ215962
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert; Taylor, Steven J.
Title: Observing in Institutions.
Year: 1980
Abstract:
The document offers guidelines for observing the nature of life in a
variety
of closed institutions (state mental hospitals and state schools). An
initial
section offers guidelines for asking questions, conducting evaluation,
and making
observations while visiting institutions. The remainder of the
document lists
questions for 17 areas: building and grounds, admission, the
institution's facade,
living space, habilitation and treatment, staff, residents,
staff/resident communication,
vocabulary, daily routines, clothing, personal appearance and hygiene,
personal
possessions, residents' rights, control, relations with family
members, and
records. (SBH)
Document Number: ED193881
Author(s): Taylor, Steven J.; Bogdan, Robert
Title: Observing Community Residences.
Year: 1980
Abstract:
The document offers guidelines effectively monitoring the quality of
care provided
in community residences serving people with disabilities. An initial
section
offers suggestions on observation and evaluation procedures. The
remainder of
the document lists possible questions to be asked in 19 areas:
location, building
and yard, relations with the neighborhood, admission, operation,
interior, habilitation
and treatment, staff, residents, staff/resident communication,
vocabulary, daily
routines, clothing, personal appearance and hygiene, personal
possessions, resident's
rights, control, relations with family members, and records. (SBH)
Document Number: ED193880
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert
Title: An Optimistic Friend: Positive Evaluation Research.
Journal: Educational Technology; v18 n12 p39 40 Dec 1978
Year: 1978
Abstract:
Proposes an approach to evaluation that counters negative bias, i.e.,
optimistic
evaluation research. Procedures and advantages of this approach are
discussed.
(RAO)
Document Number: EJ196499
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert; Biklen, Douglas
Title: Handicapism
Journal: Social Policy; v7 n5 p14 9 1977
Year: 1977
Abstract:
Defines handicapism "as a set of assumptions and practices that
promote
the differential and unequal treatment of people because of apparent
or assumed
physical, mental, or behavioral differences." "Demonstrates
how handicapism
manifests itself in personal interaction, in the organizational
structure of
the larger society, and in human service policy and practices."
(Author/JM)
Document Number: EJ161473
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert
Title: Head Start and the Handicapped: What Are the Facts?
Journal: Social Work; v21 n4 p329 1976
Year: 1976
Abstract:
The author used participant observation techniques to determine what
the 1972
Congressional affirmative action mandate meant to Head Start
personnel, and
what happened as a result of the mandate. The author's findings
variously contradict
or explain the results of a survey conducted in 1973 by the Office of
Child
Development. (SJL)
Document Number: EJ144358
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert; Taylor, Steven
Title: The Judged, Not the Judges. An Insiders' View of Mental
Retardation
Journal: American Psychologist; v31 n1 p17 25 1976
Year: 1976
Abstract:
Presents the edited transcripts of some of the discussions authors
held over
the past year with a 26-year-old man labeled mentally retarded by his
family,
school teachers, and others in his life. (Author/AM)
Document Number: EJ140516
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert
Title: National Policy and Situated Meaning: The Case of Head Start
and the
Handicapped
Journal: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry; v46 n2 p229 35
1976
Year: 1976
Abstract:
Discussed are the effects on local programs of the Economic
Opportunity Act
requiring Head Start programs to increase the number of handicapped
children
to 10 percent of those served. (DB)
Document Number: EJ138110
Author(s): Dodge, Martin; Bogdan, Robert
Title: Participant Observation: A Promising Research Approach for
Educational
Technology
Journal: Phi Delta Kappan; v56 n1 p67 9 1974
Year: 1974
Abstract:
Symbolic interaction is a useful perspective, a viable theoretical
approach
to getting at answers to many important questions related to
educational technology.
Participant observation is a useful methodology for rooting answers
out of the
research setting. (Author)
Document Number: EJ104211
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert
Title: Participant Observation
Journal: Peabody Journal of Education; v50 n4 p302 8 1973
Year: 1973
Abstract:
It is the purpose of this paper to discuss one qualitative research
method,
participant observation, which describes and analyzes a setting based
on data
that has been laboriously and systematically collected and analyzed.
(Author/RK)
Document Number: EJ081985
Author(s): Bogdan, Robert
Title: Learning to Sell Door to Door: Teaching as
Persuasion
Journal: American Behavioral Scientist; v16 n1 p55 64 1972
Year: 1972
Abstract:
Two national firms with standardized marketing schemes employ
persuasion rather
than instruction in teaching an employee to sell. Students leave for
their first
assignment convinced of success in spite of a lack of skill. (JB)
Document Number: EJ067875
Copyright © 1996, ISTE (International Society for Technology
in Education).
All rights reserved.
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